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21.
Jonathan Buehl 《Technical Communication Quarterly》2014,23(3):184-206
Over the past two decades, scientific editors have attempted to correct “mistaken” assumptions about scientific images and to curb unethical image-manipulation practices. Reactions to the advent and abuse of image-adjustment software (such as Adobe Photoshop) reveal the complex relations among visual representations, scientific credibility, and epistemic rhetoric. Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca's model of argumentation provides a flexible system for understanding these relations and for teaching students to use scientific images ethically and effectively. 相似文献
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Kari Gwen Coleman 《Ethics and Information Technology》2001,3(4):247-265
Traditional approaches to computer ethics regard computers as tools, andfocus, therefore, on the ethics of their use. Alternatively, computer ethicsmight instead be understood as a study of the ethics of computationalagents, exploring, for example, the different characteristics and behaviorsthat might benefit such an agent in accomplishing its goals. In this paper,I identify a list of characteristics of computational agents that facilitatetheir pursuit of their end, and claim that these characteristics can beunderstood as virtues within a framework of virtue ethics. This frameworkincludes four broad categories – agentive, social, environmental, and moral– each of which can be understood as a spectrum of virtues rangingbetween two extreme subcategories. Although the use of a virtue frameworkis metaphorical rather than literal, I argue that by providing a frameworkfor identifying and critiquing assumptions about what a `good' computer is,a study of android arete provides focus and direction to the developmentof future computational agents. 相似文献
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开辟医学影像学期刊品牌专栏"图文讲座" 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2
探讨创办医学影像学期刊"图文讲座"新栏目的经验.认为以图文讲座为品牌栏目,不仅适应了"读图时代"受众心理和阅读取向,而且显示了该类专业杂志的突出特色,有利于期刊国际化的交流,提升了核心竞争力. 相似文献
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Amy Bruckman 《Ethics and Information Technology》2002,4(3):217-231
In the mid-1990s, the Internet rapidly changedfrom a venue used by a small number ofscientists to a popular phenomena affecting allaspects of life in industrialized nations. Scholars from diverse disciplines have taken aninterest in trying to understand the Internetand Internet users. However, as a variety ofresearchers have noted, guidelines for ethicalresearch on human subjects written before theInternet's growth can be difficult to extend toresearch on Internet users.In this paper, I focus on one ethicalissue: whether and to what extent to disguisematerial collected online in publishedaccounts. While some people argue thatvulnerable human subjects must always be madeanonymous in publications for their ownprotection, others argue that Internet usersdeserve credit for their creative andintellectual work. Still others argue thatmuch material available online should betreated as ``published.' To attempt to resolvethese issues, I first review my own experiencesof disguising material in research accountsfrom 1992 to 2002. Some of the thorniestissues emerge at the boundaries betweenresearch disciplines. Furthermore, manyhumanities disciplines have not historicallyviewed what they do as human subjects research. Next, I explore what it means to do humansubjects research in the humanities. Inspiredby issues raised by colleagues in thehumanities, I argue that the traditional notionof a ``human subject' does not adequatelycharacterize Internet users. A useful alternatemental model is proposed: Internet users areamateur artists. The Internet can be seen as aplayground for amateur artists creatingsemi-published work. I argue that thisapproach helps make some ethical dilemmaseasier to reason about, because it highlightskey novel aspects of the situation,particularly with regard to disguisingmaterial. Finally, I conclude by proposing aset of practical guidelines regardingdisguising material gathered on the Internet inpublished accounts, on a continuum from nodisguise, light disguise, moderate disguise, toheavy disguise. 相似文献
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Luciano Floridi argues that every existing entity is deserving of at least minimal moral respect in virtue of having intrinsic value qua information object. In this essay, I attempt a comprehensive assessment of this important view as well as the arguments Floridi offers in support of it. I conclude both that the arguments are insufficient and that the thesis itself is substantively implausible from the standpoint of ordinary intuitions. 相似文献
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Recently, there has been a heavy debate in the US about the government’s use of data mining in its fight against terrorism.
Privacy concerns in fact led the Congress to terminate the funding of TIA, a program for advanced information technology to
be used in the combat of terrorism. The arguments put forward in this debate, more specifically those found in the main report
and minority report by the TAPAC established by the Secretary of Defense to examine the TIA issue, will be analysed to trace
the deeper roots of this controversy. This analysis will in turn be used as a test case to examine the adequacy of the usual
theoretical frameworks for these kinds of issues, in particular the notion of privacy. Whereas the dominant theoretical framing
of the notion of privacy turns around access to information, most of the core arguments in the debate do not fit in this kind of framework. The basic disagreements in
the controversy are not about mere access, they involve both access and use. Furthermore, whereas the issue of access by itself refers to a more or less static situation, the real disagreements much
more concern the organisational dynamics of the use of information, the mechanisms in the organisation that control these
dynamics, and the awareness present within the organisation of the ‘social risks’ these dynamics represent. The bottom line
question is whether the assessment of these gives sufficient reason for trust. 相似文献